Compare Arctic Ocean (2001) - Norfolk Island (2006)

Compare Arctic Ocean (2001) z Norfolk Island (2006)

	Arctic Ocean (2001)	Norfolk Island (2006)

Administrative divisions	-	none (territory of Australia)
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 20.2% 15-64 years: 63.9% 65 years and over: 15.9% (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry
Airports	-	1 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2006)
Area	total: 14.056 million sq km note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies	total: 34.6 sq km land: 34.6 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US	about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean.	Two British attempts at establishing the island as a penal colony (1788-1814 and 1825-55) were ultimately abandoned. In 1856, the island was resettled by Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions.
Birth rate	-	NA
Budget	-	revenues: $4.6 million expenditures: $4.8 million; including capital expenditures of $2 million (FY99/00)
Capital	-	name: Kingston geographic coordinates: 29 03 S, 167 58 E time difference: UTC+11.5 (16.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow	subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline	45,389 km	32 km
Constitution	-	Norfolk Island Act of 1979
Country name	-	conventional long form: Territory of Norfolk Island conventional short form: Norfolk Island
Death rate	-	NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external	-	$NA
Dependency status	-	territory of Australia; Canberra administers Commonwealth responsibilities on Norfolk Island through the Department of Environment, Sport, and Territories
Diplomatic representation from the US	-	none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US	-	none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international	some maritime disputes (see littoral states)	none
Economic aid - recipient	-	$NA
Economy - overview	Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals.	Tourism, the primary economic activity, has steadily increased over the years and has brought a level of prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific islands. The agricultural sector has become self-sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs.
Electricity - consumption	-	NA kWh
Electricity - production	-	NA kWh
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Fram Basin -4,665 m highest point: sea level 0 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Bates 319 m
Environment - current issues	endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack	NA
Ethnic groups	-	descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, New Zealander, Polynesian
Exchange rates	-	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and Australia are represented by Administrator Grant TAMBLING (since 1 November 2003) head of government: Assembly President and Chief Minister Geoffrey Robert GARDNER (since 5 December 2001) cabinet: Executive Council is made up of four of the nine members of the Legislative Assembly; the council devises government policy and acts as an advisor to the administrator elections: the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia; chief minister elected by the Legislative Assembly for a term of not more than three years; election last held 20 October 2004 (next to be held by December 2007) election results: Geoffrey Robert GARDNER elected chief minister; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - 17.2%
Exports	-	$1.5 million f.o.b. (FY91/92)
Exports - commodities	-	postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados
Exports - partners	-	Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe (2004)
Fiscal year	-	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	-	three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band
Geographic coordinates	90 00 N, 0 00 E	29 02 S, 167 57 E
Geography - note	major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months	most of the 32 km coastline consists of almost inaccessible cliffs, but the land slopes down to the sea in one small southern area on Sydney Bay, where the capital of Kingston is situated
Imports	-	$17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92)
Imports - commodities	-	NA
Imports - partners	-	Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe (2004)
Independence	-	none (territory of Australia)
Industries	-	tourism, light industry, ready mixed concrete
Infant mortality rate	-	total: NA male: NA female: NA
International organization participation	-	UPU
Irrigated land	-	NA
Judicial branch	-	Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions
Labor force	-	1,345
Labor force - by occupation	-	agriculture: 10% industry and services: 90%
Land boundaries	-	0 km
Land use	-	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Languages	-	English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian
Legal system	-	based on the laws of Australia, local ordinances and acts; English common law applies in matters not covered by either Australian or Norfolk Island law
Legislative branch	-	unicameral Legislative Assembly (9 seats; members elected by electors who have nine equal votes each but only four votes can be given to any one candidate; members serve three-year terms) elections: last held 20 October 2004 (next to be held by December 2007) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9 (note - no political parties)
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: NA male: NA female: NA
Literacy	-	NA
Location	body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle	Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia
Map references	Arctic Region	Oceania
Maritime claims	-	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of Australia
National holiday	-	Bounty Day (commemorates the arrival of Pitcairn Islanders), 8 June (1856)
Nationality	-	noun: Norfolk Islander(s) adjective: Norfolk Islander(s)
Natural hazards	ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May	typhoons (especially May to July)
Natural resources	sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales)	fish
Net migration rate	-	NA
Political parties and leaders	-	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	none
Population	-	1,828 (July 2006 est.)
Population growth rate	-	-0.01% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors	Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US)	-
Radio broadcast stations	-	AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (2005)
Religions	-	Anglican 34.9%, Roman Catholic 11.7%, Uniting Church in Australia 11.2%, Seventh-Day Adventist 2.8%, Australian Christian 2.4%, Jehovah's Witness 0.9%, other 2.7%, unspecified 15.3%, none 18.1% (2001 census)
Sex ratio	-	NA
Suffrage	-	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	-	general assessment: adequate domestic: free local calls international: country code - 672; undersea coaxial cable links with Australia, New Zealand, and Canada; satellite earth station
Telephones - main lines in use	-	2,532; note - a mix of analog (2500) and digital (32) circuits (2004)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	0 (proposed cellular service disallowed in August 2002 island referendum) (2002)
Television broadcast stations	-	1 (local programming station plus two repeaters that bring in Australian programs by satellite) (2005)
Terrain	central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge)	volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains
Total fertility rate	-	NA
Unemployment rate	-	0%

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